Neurodegenerative disorders pose a serious and growing challenge to global health. These conditions are closely associated with aging and are becoming more widespread as life expectancy and the proportion of elderly individuals continue to rise. Common neurodegenerative diseases include Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and frontotemporal dementia.
Although grouped under a single category, these disorders differ significantly in their underlying biological mechanisms. Some primarily impair memory, cognition, and behavior, while others progressively affect motor functions, speech, and even breathing. Despite their increasing impact, effective disease-modifying therapies remain limited. Advancing treatment options will require a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the distinct causes, pathways, and progression mechanisms involved in each condition.